What is Short Circuit?
Short circuit; It is an unexpected overcurrent event that occurs when two points with different potential come into contact due to error or malfunction. Short circuits in devices or systems can lead to fire, injury and death.
Short Circuit Test
In the test processes, it is checked whether the products are resistant to the short circuit effect or if the protection devices they have are functioning.
In many test processes, especially panel type tests and MV cell type tests, it is checked whether the current carrying circuits of the products, the supports and conductor cross-sections of these circuits carry a possible short circuit current. In these tests, the current declared by the manufacturer is passed through this circuit for the specified period and the tests are applied. In most withstand tests, power factor and supply voltage are important and are defined by the relevant standards.
In the breaking tests, the current level is declared by the manufacturer. As a result of the fault current applied to the sample, it is checked whether the protection device on the product is activated. While most of the standard protection device is sufficient to open the circuit, in the panel type test processes, after the opening of the breaker, insulation problems should not occur, structural features should not deteriorate, doors / covers should not be opened.
When we examine other harmonized standards under the low voltage directive; short circuit applications are carried out by short-circuiting the components on the primary circuit by test personnel. Under the declared mains supply, the response of the product to this short circuit condition is checked to see if it meets the safety requirements.
Short circuit status of transformer windings, deactivation of protective components, short circuit condition of capacitors positioned for protection are the applications envisaged to be made in order to ensure safety level in most standards.
In summary, the performance of the products in short circuit withstand, protection and failure conditions is very critical and is directly related to security. According to the structure of the products, the circuits, sub-components and usage areas, how to create fault conditions, current characteristics, feeding conditions and expected performances are defined in harmonized standards.